Міністерство освіти і науки, молоді та спорту України
Відділ освіти Катеринопільської районної державної адміністрації
Катеринопільська загальноосвітня школа I- III ступенів №2
Катеринопільської районної ради
Кононенко Надія Григорівна
Гриценко Інна Станіславівна
Свята Великобританії
Матеріал схвалений засіданням педагогічної ради школи
(протокол №5 від 27.01.2012)
2012
Розділ виставки:
Педагогіка розвитку особистості.
Навчальний посібник включає опис загальновідомих свят та традицій у Великобританії. Посібник направлений на розвиток навичок усного монологічного та діалогічного мовлення, а також розширення словникового запасу учнів на базі читання текстів про свята у Великобританії.
Тексти супроводжуються словничками з українським перекладом та тематичними запитаннями.
Матеріали посібника мають на меті розширити знання учнів про свята та традиції британців, зацікавити історією та культурою їх країни, викликати інтерес до вивчення англійської мови.
Може бути рекомендований для учнів середніх та старших класів, а також усіх, хто прагне вдосконалити свої знання в галузі англійської мови.
Посібник може бути рекомендований для використання на уроках, факультативних заняттях, під час проведення тижнів англійської мови в школі.
Contents
I. Annotation.
II. Description of British holidays.
1. Merry Christmas
2. Boxing Day
3. New Years Day
4. St. Valentine’s Day
5. Easter Monday
6. April Fool’s Day
7. May Day
8. Mothering Day
9. St. David’s Day
10. Remembrance Day
11. Halloween
12. Guy Fawkes Day
III. References.
British Holidays
Every nation and country has its own customs and traditions.
The English people are very proud of their traditions and carefully keep them with great honor. Keeping traditions is a past of their life.
From Scotland to the Channel, Britain is full of customs and traditions. A lot of them have very long histories. Some are funny, some are strange. But they are all interesting and a part of the British way of life.
It may seem surprising but the British have fewer holiday that many other countries. In Great Britain there are public holiday that are called “bank holiday” due to the fact that on those days the banks, film and offices are closed and people need not go to work. Among these are:
New Year’s Day
Boxing Day,
Easter Monday,
May Day Holiday,
Spring Bank Holiday.
Also they have two common holidays
Good Friday and
Christmas Day.
All public holidays, except Christmas Day and Boxing day are movable, that is they do not fall on the same day each year. Besides public holidays there are other holidays, for example Pancake Day and Bonfire Night, on which certain traditions are observed but they are ordinary working days.
All holidays are a part of culture of Great Britain.
Task 1. Memorize the following words:
to observe – спостерігати
to rejoice – радіти
a band – оркестр
expensive – дорогий
charity – благодійність
stuffed - тушкованa
Christmas Day
Christmas is the happiest and the busiest time of the year. It is the most colorful and widely celebrated holiday for British people. Christmas Day is observed on the 25th of December. It is a time of rejoicing, dances and celebrations. It is also a time for thinking of other people, for giving presents and doing holiday jobs. At Christmas all big colored lights and decorations in the streets and a big Christmas tree in Trafalgar square sent by the people of Norway. There are also Christmas trees at homes, big shops, railway stations.
Most big offices, school, colleges and universities have a dance or a party at Christmas. It is an exciting time, but it can also be a very expensive time. You need money to buy Christmas presents for your family and friends, you need money to buy clothes for Christmas parties and you need money to give for charity.
Christmas is a family holiday. All the family meets for the traditional Christmas dinner which consists of a stuffed turkey or a roast goose, a plum pudding desserts. Englishmen are proud of their traditions and keep them with great honor. In Britain traditions play an important part in the life of people.
Task 2. Answer the questions:
1. When is Christmas celebrated in Great Britain ?
2. How do people decorate the streets and house ?
3. What do young people do at Christmas ?
4. What is traditional Christmas dinner like ?
Boxing Day – December, 26th
Task 1. Memorise the following words:
upper class – вищий клас; an envelope - конверт;
Parlour - вітальня; budget - бюджет;
to offer - пропонувати;
to amount - дорівнювати, складати
Boxing Day Is A Public Holiday
Boxing day is another Christmas tradition of British people. This holiday is on the first day after Cristmas – December, 26. The tradition of giving Christmas boxes to postmen and to all those who have given their servises to the upper and middle classes.
The postman or others who receive the Cristmas box is not invited into the parlour but into the kitchen where food and drink is also offered.
Since the First World War the Christmas box becomes slowly a disappearing tradition and an anvelope with money has taken its place. For postmen and others this money gift is of
great importance for the family budget. As a rule, it amounts to several months pay that is probably this tradition still continues to live.
Boxing Day is the time to visit friends and relatives or to be a spectator at one of many sporting events .
Someone can say that it is a degrading holiday because the class difference is so underlined. Everyone in Great Britain is waiting and enjoying this holiday very much!
Task 2. Answer the questions :
1.What is the main tradition of a Boxing Day?
2. Where are the postmen and others invited?
3. What tradition takes place of a Christmas box?
4. Why someone thinks it is a degrading holiday?
Task 1.Memorize the following words:
to observe- спостерігати a symbol of plenty- символ достатку
completely- повністю to consider- вважати
rejoice- радість a coin- монета
the chimes- бій курантів a lump of coal – грудка вугілля
I’ll be your sweetheart, if you will be mine,
All of my life I’ll be your Valentine…
Roses are red,
Violets are blue,
Sugar is sweet,
And so are you
February the 14-th is Valentine they say
I chose you from among the rest
The reason is – I love you the best!
Task 1. Memorize the following words
a priest - священник; blindness - сліпота;
to behead – відрубати голову; jail – в’язниця;
miracle – диво; to cure – зцілити;
St. Valentine’s Day is the day of sweethearts. Every February 14th, boys and girls, sweethearts and lovers, husbands and wives, friends and neighbours and even offices staff exchange greetings of affection, undying love or satirical comment. The modern way to do it is by sending Valentine cards on this day. There are all kinds of cards to suit all tastes. People show their friends, relatives and loved that they love and care of them. Valentines can by sentimental and romantic, or funny and friendly/ they can by heart – shaped or can carry hearts on them. People by Valentines or make them themselves. One of the earliest popular symbols of this day is Cupid, the Roman god of love who is represented by the image of young boy with a bow and arrow.
There are several legends about St. Valentines Day. One of the legends says that Valentine was a Christian priest who was put into prison by roman authorities for his teachings and was beheaded on February, 14. According to the legend he performed a miracle - he cured his daughter of her blindness. Before he was put to death by the Romans he wrote her a letter signed «From your Valentine».
Another legend says that the same Valentine wrote to children and friends who loved him from the jail.
As the third legend tells, Valentine was an Italian bishop who lived at about the same time. He was thrown into prison because he secretly married couples, contrary to the laws of the Roman empire. The legend says that he was burnt on the stake.
Now St. Valentine’s Day is very popular in Great Britain especially among children. They love to send and receive valentines. They organize small parties and have fun.
Task 2. Answer the questions:
1. Who was Valentine according to one legend?
2. What was he beheaded for?
3. What did Valentine do according to another legend?
4. What do people say in their valentines?
5. What is valentine car like?
6. Do you send small valentines on this day?
Task 1.Memorize the following words:
Predominantly - переважно to raise from the dead- воскреснути
hollow- порожній a cart- віз,візок
silver paper - фольга rebirth- відродження
ancestors - предки arrival- настання,прибуття
annual- щорічний finery- пишне вбрання,прикраса
Easter
Easter is celebrated as a religious festival and as the start of spring when new life
comes to the earth. It is the oldest and the most important Christian Festival, the
celebration of the death and coming Jesus Christ to life again.
Easter is the feast celebrated on the first Sunday after the first spring full moon.
It can fall between March, 22 and April, 25. Like most Christian festivals, Easter
has its origins in pre-Christian times. Our ancestors believed that the sun died in
winter and was born anew in spring. The arrival of spring was celebrated all over
the world long before the religious meaning was associated with Easter. Today,
Easter celebrates the rebirth of Christ.
Easter is the time for holidays, festivals, parties and time for giving chocolate
Easter eggs, and above all a celebration that Jesus raised from the dead and lives
forever. Eggs play an important part in Easter celebration, they are predominantly
given to children. The eggs are either hollow or have a filling and are usually eggs,
baby, rabbits, little chicks and spring flowers.
Also on Easter Sunday there is the wonderful singing in Westminster Cathedral
Followed by the annual Easter Parade.
On Easter Monday there are also the Van Horse and Cart Horse Parades in Regents Park. It is a unique experience to watch the decorated horses and carts which look very proud in their finery. And how proud are their owners!
Task 2. Answer the question:
1.When is Easter celebrated ?
2.What do people do during the holiday of Easter ?
3.What is the most important part in Easter celebration?
4.What is the origin of Easter ?
5.What do people celebrate on Easter ?
All Fool’s Day - April, 1stNational Day of Humor
Task1. Memorize the following words:
ridiculous – смішний
laughter - сміх
trap - пастка
tricks - жарти
notices – повідомлення,оголошення
to pin – прикріпити булавкою
All Fool’s Day
Throughout English speaking world April the first is known as All Fool’s Day. By tradition it is the day on which people play jokes to make other people look ridiculous. People try to get their friends to believe something that is untrue. Those who fall into the trap set for them are greeted with laughter and shouts of ‘April Fool’. At school serious work is practically forgotten as the children try to pin funny notices on one another’s backs. Teachers have to be careful or they might fall into a trap, too.
You can play as many April Fool tricks as you want, as long as you play them before 12 o’clock midday. If you play them after twelve o’clock, you become the April Fool.
It is a very old custom and people have kept it for hundreds of years. On this day of national good humour the television service joins fun, too.
Task 2. Complete the sentences:
1. April 1st is known as…
2. People try to get their friends…
3. Teachers have to be careful…
4. At school serous work is…
5. On this day of national humor…
Task 1. Memorize the following words:
Simnel cake – торт з борошна тонкого помелу
queen – королева
to expect – очікувати
zodiac sign – знак зодіаку
occasion – випадок
affection – прихильність
in order - щоб
Mothering Day
Mothering Day is the holiday all mothers who become queen-for-a-day. It is celebrated every second Sunday in May. Nowadays it is customary for women to have a rest on this day and men. do all housework and prepare holiday supper. Traditionally Simnel cake is prepared decorated with 12 zodiac sings. Making this special cake gives a holiday atmosphere to this day. Sometimes men take their women to the restaurant to have some fun.
It is expected for the children to greet their mothers wherever they are and to give them flowers, postcards and other presents.
On Mothering Day the servants are given a holiday in order that they might visit their mothers. To school children it was always meant a holiday, when they went home to spend the day with their parents.
Mothering Day is an occasion for each person to remember his mother of grateful affection.
Task 2. Answer the question:
1. When is Mothering Day celebrated ?
2. What gives a holiday atmosphere to this day ?
3. What do children present their mothers ?
4. How is this day celebrated ?
Task 1. Memorize the words:
Saint patron - святий покровитель
An onion - цибуля
To establish - встановлювати, заснувати
Leeks - цибуля «порей»
To pin- скріплювати, пришпилювати
A dove- голуб, голубка
To adopt- приймати
Contest- змагання
Saint David’s Day – the saint patron of Wales is one of the most important days for the residence of Wales. St. David founded a monastery at Menevia and established many churches throughout Wales. It is celebrated as a patriotic and cultural festival all over the world. It is considered the day of Saint David’s death. It is marked as a religious festival and now it has become a national festival of Wales. Many Welsh people who live in London and other cities outside Wales like to show their solidarity on their national day.
On the first of March each year we can see people walking with leeks pinned to their coats. A leek is a kind of vegetable similar to an onion is the national emblem of Wales. On This day we can see St. David’s portraits with a dove on the shoulder, a symbol of saint spirit. In spite of the leeks mentioned earlier, St. David’s emblem is not that but a dove.
No one, not even the Welch, can explain why they adopted leeks to Symbolize their country. Had they taken a dove they would have had problem on March 1st when the time came to pin one to their coats.
On this day festive celebrations are held in Cardiff, the capital of Wales. Teenagers usually organize a singing contest in their towns. Also every Wales family has a traditional soup with a leek on their tables too.
Task 2.Answer the questions:
1. What holiday is the most important for the people of Wales?
2. When do the Welsh people celebrate it?
3. What is the national emblem of Wales?
4. How do Welsh people celebrate St. David’s Day?
5. What is another national emblem of Wales?
May Day – May 1-st
Task 1. Memorise the words:
to blossom – цвісти; maypole - травневе дерево;
Goddess - богиня; vegetation spirit – дух рослин;
dew - роса ; to adorn - прикрашати,
to crown - коронувати; garlands - гірлянди,
sunset - захід сонця; ribbons - стрічки.
May Day Customs
May Day is the holiday of the first day of the month of May. It is the time when warm weather begins and flowers and trees start to blossom. It is said to be a time of love and romance. May Day celebrations have their origins in the Roman festival of Flora, goddess of flowers, which marked the beginning of summer.
On the 1-st of May morning people go to the country-side to get fresh flowers to decorate their homes in belief that vegetation spirits would bring good fortune.
May 1-st was an important day in the Middle Ages. In the very early morning young girls went into the fields and washed their faces with dew. They believed this made them very beautiful for a year after that.
May 1-st is marked with singing and Maypole dancing. Dancing around the Maypole on May Day, electing a May Queen and lighting bonfires are all ancient traditions in Great Britain. In every town and village a Maypole is adorned with garlands and ribbons.
In the afternoon in every locality of the country the most beautiful girl is crowned “ Queen of May ”. Every local newspaper gives prominent place to the May Queen‘s photograph.
In some places May Day celebrations begin at sunset on 30 April. They include lots of floral decorations and processions through towns and villages.
Task 2. Answer the questions :
1.When is May Day celebrated?
2. What do people celebrate on this day?
3. How do people organize this festival?
4. Why was this holiday so important in the Middle Ages?
Halloween – October, 31st
Task 1. Memorise the following words:
transition – закінчення, перехід
a ghost – дух
to mistake – прийняти когось за
to ward away – відлякувати
witch – відьма
to demand – вимагати
evil spirits – злі духи
candles –свічки
pumpkin – гарбуз
mischief – витівка
to obtain – одержати, дістати
to knock –стукати у двері
Halloween Customs
Halloween is celebrated on October 31st, the eve of All Saints Day. The tradition of Halloween began in the fifth century B.C. by the Irish Celt who organized their year according to the agricultural calendar and marked the transition from one year to the next. It was celebrated every year with a festival that marked the end of the «season of the sun» and the beginning of «the season of darkness and cold».
The most known custom is the tradition of dressing in costume for Halloween. It was believed that ghosts came back to the earthly world and people put masks when they left their homes after dark so that the ghosts would mistake them for fellow spirits.
On Halloween some people placed bowls of food outside their homes to prevent the ghosts from attempting to enter their home.
Fire has always played an important part in Halloween. It was used to ward away evil spirits and in some places they used to jump over the fire to bring good luck.
Today, the people light candles in pumpkin and then put them outside home to ward away evil spirits.
Halloween was the time for making mischief – when children world knock on doors demanding a treat and dressing themselves or ghosts in order to obtain food and money from nervous householders.
Task 2.Answer the questions:
1.When did the tradition of Halloween begin?
2.What is the most known custom of celebrating Halloween?
3.Why do people placed bowls of food outside their homes?
4.What was fire used for?
5.What other Halloween traditions do you know?
Task 1.Memorise the following words:
Armistice - припинення воєнних дій
Cenotaph - пам’ятник невідомому солдату
Poppy - мак
Consolation - втіха,розрада
to sign - підписати
to be held - проводитися
to sacrifice - жертвувати
Remembrance Day
The British people celebrate Remembrance Day at the eleventh hour of the eleventh day of the eleventh month of the year. It marks the sighing of the Armistice to signal the end of World War I.
It is a special day to remember all those men and women who were killed during the two World Wars and other conflicts. Remembrance Day is celebrated on the second Sunday in November.
Special services are held at war memorials and churches all over Britain. A national ceremony takes place at the cenotaph in Whitehall, London. British people keep the memory of those who sacrificed their lives during war.
Throughout the world the poppy is associated with the remembrance of those who died in the war. But not many of us are aware of the reason how and why the poppy became the symbol of remembrance .People say that during the most bloodiest fighting of the First World War the homes and farms, roads and trees simply disappeared. And the only thing which survived was the poppy flower. The poppy, flowering each year with the coming of the warm weather, brought life, hope, colour and consolation to those still fighting.
Task 2. Answer the questions:
1.When is Remembrance Day is celebrated?
2.What does Remembrance Day mark?
3.Where does the national ceremony take place?
4.What does the poppy flower symbolize?
Guy Fawkes Day or Bonfire Night - the 5th of November
Task 1.Memorize the following words:
Gunpowder Plot – порохова змова The fuse –гніт шнур
Throne – трон Prison – в’язниця
To treat – звертатися Torture – катувати,мучити
To blow up – підривати To involve – утягувати
Barrels – дітки Bonfires – багаття
Gunpowder – порох A dummy – лялька, чучело
To wrap in – загортати Straw – солома
Bonfire Night or Guy Fawkes Day
This is an annual holiday celebrated on the evening of November 5th to mark the failure of the Gunpowder plot of 1605. It all started when Queen Elizabeth 1st took the throne of England. She made some laws against the Roman Catholics. Guy Fawkes was one of a small group of Catholics who felt that the government was treated them unfairly. They hoped that the next king, James 1st would change the laws bat he didn’t. He was a Protestant that’s why Roman Catholics didn’t like him because of the religious differences.
In 1605 they made a plan to blow up the Houses of Parliament. They places barrels with gunpowder under the House of Lords and planned to light the fuse, but they were discovered before they could blow up the parliament.
Guy Fawkes was one of those people. King’s soldiers found him, put in prison and tortured until he told them all people involved in the Gunpowder Plot. He was executed on November 5th and since then British people mark this day.
Throughout England towns and villages light huge bonfires, let off magnificent fireworks, burn a dummy made of straw and old clothes on a bonfire and celebrate the fact the Parliament and Jones I were not blown by Guy Fawkes. They call this dummy simply “a guy”. During the days before Bonfire Night children used to take homemade “guys” out on the street and ask for “a penny for the Guy” for fireworks.
The origin of Bonfire Night has been forgotten by most people, but for boys and girls it is the day of great fun and merriment. Sometimes bonfires are used to cook potatoes wrapped in foil. In main towns and cities, torch-lit processions are also popular on this night.
References
1. O. O. Berezhna, G. L. Kubarkov, V. O. Tymoschuk “ The collection of new topics of modern English”, Donetsk “BAO”, 2006.- 688 p.
2. R. I. Garasiuk “ English- speaking countries”, Ternopil, 1998.- 96p.
3. U. G. Gorbunova, V. V. Konchich, a course “ Great Britain”, 10th form, “Osnova”, 2010.- 175p.
4. E. R. Linder, L. K. Maslova, R. I. Tsyba “ It is interesting to know”, Kyiv
“ Soviet School”, 1980.- 152p.
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